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Crime Scene: Definition, Types and Characteristics

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What is a Crime Scene ? A place where the crime is committed or where the maximum physical evidence related to crime is found is known as a crime scene. A crime scene is a starting point of the investigation which provides information about the suspect and the victim. This helps to reconstruct the crime and fast resolution of the case. It is noted that the crime scene is not limited to a single place but may extend to a wider area depending upon the nature of the crime committed. For example, In a murder case where murder is done at one place and the body is disposed on another place. In this case, we have two crime scenes that give information about the crime. Types of Crime Scene Based on evidence found on the crime scene: 1. Primary Crime Scene The crime scene where the actual crime occurred or where more usable pieces of evidence were found is known as the primary crime scene. For example, A murder scene, theft, assault, etc. 2. Secondary Crime Scene The crime scene which is some...
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Types of Fingerprint Patterns

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What are Different Types of  Fingerprint Patterns? 1. Arches Arches are found in approx 5% of the recorded fingerprints. In an Arch pattern, ridges enter from one side travel to the other side, and lift slightly at the center of the pattern (like a wave) finally exiting from the opposite side.  Based on the nature of Arches they are further divided into two types i.e. Plain Arch and Tented Arch. (a) Plain Arches Plain Arch is the simplest pattern among all fingerprint patterns. In a plain arch, the ridges enter from a side (say left) and flow to the opposite side (Right) by making a small rise at the center like a wave. They don't have any core deltas but they do have numerous ridge formations like ridge endings, bifurcations, dots, and islands. (b) Tented Arches In this type of Arch, most of the ridges enter from one side and flow towards the opposite side by making a definitive angle ( 90 degrees or less ) or standing straight at the center of the pattern and finally exitin...
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Conducting Polymers: Definition, Examples, Properties and Applications

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What are Conducting Polymers? As the name suggests organic polymers that conduct electricity are known as conducting polymers. They are also known as intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) and they have alternating single and double bonds along the polymer backbone (conjugated bonds) or that are composed of aromatic rings such as Phenylene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrrole, and thiophene which are connected through carbon-carbon single bonds. Examples: Polyacetylene, Polypyrrole, Polyaniline, etc What is the reason behind conducting nature of these polymers? Conducting polymers comes in two forms that are doped conducting polymers and non-doped conducting polymers. The conductivity of non-doped conjugated polymers is due to the existence of a conductivity band similar to a metal. In a conjugated polymer, three of the four valence electrons form strong sigma bonds through sp² hybridization where electrons are strongly localized. The remaining unpaired electron of each carbon atom re...
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